Why is prompt management of tension pneumothorax critical?

Prompt management of tension pneumothorax is critical because it can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular collapse. In this condition, air becomes trapped in the pleural space and creates increasing pressure, which can ultimately impair lung expansion and decrease oxygenation. The buildup of pressure compresses the major blood vessels in the chest, such as the superior vena cava, which hinders venous return to the heart. This can lead to a drop in cardiac output, resulting in severe hypotension, shock, and possible cardiac arrest. Therefore, rapid intervention is essential to alleviate the pressure, restore normal physiological function, and prevent life-threatening complications.