What is a flail chest characterized by?

A flail chest is characterized by a segment of the thoracic wall that moves oppositely during respiration. This occurs due to multiple rib fractures that result in a free-floating section of the rib cage. When the patient inhales, the flail segment is drawn inward while the rest of the thoracic cage expands. Conversely, during exhalation, the flail segment protrudes outward as the chest wall contracts. This paradoxical movement is a key indicator of flail chest and can lead to significant respiratory complications, as it affects the normal mechanics of breathing and gas exchange.

The condition arises from severe blunt trauma that compromises the structural integrity of the ribs and can be associated with other injuries to the thoracic organs. Understanding the mechanics of flail chest is crucial for proper assessment and management in trauma care.