What complication may arise from a rib fracture?

A rib fracture can lead to serious complications primarily because ribs protect vital structures in the thoracic cavity, including the lungs and major blood vessels. When a rib is fractured, it can puncture or lacerate surrounding tissues, particularly the pleura that encapsulates the lungs. This can result in pneumothorax, where air leaks into the pleural space, or hemothorax, where blood accumulates in the pleural cavity. Both conditions can impair respiratory function and lead to respiratory distress.

The risk of these complications varies depending on the location and severity of the rib fracture. In cases of multiple fractures, the likelihood of such injuries increases due to the greater displacement of fractured bone fragments. Recognizing this potential complication is critical in the assessment and management of patients with rib fractures, as it can significantly influence treatment decisions and the urgency of care required.