What are the risk factors for developing pneumonia in patients with rib fractures?

The risk factors for developing pneumonia in patients with rib fractures primarily revolve around the effects of pain and immobilization. When a patient has rib fractures, the associated pain can significantly hinder their ability to take deep breaths and cough effectively. This inadequate ventilation and reduced chest expansion can lead to stagnant airflow in the lungs, increasing the likelihood of pulmonary infections like pneumonia.

The deep breathing and coughing reflexes are critical for clearing secretions from the airways. With rib fractures, patients often restrict their movements to avoid pain, which can further compound the risk of developing pneumonia due to accumulated secretions and reduced lung capacity. Therefore, pain leading to decreased ventilation and mobilization stands out as a key risk factor in this scenario.

Other options may influence a patient's health but do not directly relate to the increased risk of pneumonia following rib fractures in the same way that pain and limited movement do.