What are common signs of rib fractures on physical examination?

Common signs of rib fractures during a physical examination include tenderness at the site of the fracture, visible deformity of the chest, and altered respiratory mechanics. Tenderness is often localized to the area where the fracture occurs, making it a critical indicator. Deformity can manifest as a visible step or displacement in the rib cage, particularly if the fracture is severe. Altered respiratory mechanics arise due to pain, as patients may take shallow breaths or exhibit rapid breathing to minimize discomfort, which can lead to further complications like atelectasis.

In this context, while other options may suggest symptoms related to respiratory infections or other medical conditions, they do not specifically indicate rib fractures. For instance, fever and malaise can point to infections, while loss of consciousness may indicate a head injury or other acute conditions unrelated to rib fractures. Therefore, the combination of tenderness, deformity, and changes in breathing patterns effectively encapsulates the physical findings associated with rib fractures.